Source: The New York Times [edited]
<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/world/americas/27salmon.html>
Virus kills Chile’s salmon and indicts its fish farming methods
placid waterways here [Puerto Montt] in southern Chile, it is hard to
imagine that anything could be amiss. But beneath the rows of neatly
laid netting around the fish farms just off the shore, the salmon are dying.A virus called infectious salmon anemia, or ISA, is killing millions
of salmon destined for export to Japan, Europe, and the United
States. The spreading plague has sent shivers through Chile’s
3rd-largest export industry, which has left local people embittered
by laying off more than 1000 workers.
It has also opened the companies to fresh charges from biologists and
environmentalists who say that the breeding of salmon in crowded
underwater pens is contaminating once-pristine waters and producing
potentially unhealthy fish.
Some say the industry is raising its fish in ways that court
disaster, and producers are coming under new pressure to change their
methods to preserve southern Chile’s cobalt blue waters for tourists
and other marine life.
“All these problems are related to an underlying lack of sanitary
controls,” said Dr Felipe C Cabello, a professor in the Department of
Microbiology and Immunology at New York Medical College in Valhalla
that has studied Chile’s fishing industry. “Parasitic infections,
viral infections, fungal infections are all disseminated when the
fish are stressed and the centers are too close together.”
Industry executives acknowledge some of the problems, but they reject
the notion that their practices are unsafe for consumers. American
officials also say the new virus is not harmful to humans.
But the latest outbreak has occurred after a rash of nonviral
illnesses in recent years that the companies acknowledge have led
them to use high levels of antibiotics. Researchers say the practice
is widespread in the Chilean industry, which is a mix of
international and Chilean producers. Some of those antibiotics, they
say, are prohibited for use on animals in the United States.
Many of those salmon still end up in American grocery stores, where
about 29 percent of Chilean exports are destined. While fish from
China have come under special scrutiny in recent months, in Chile
regulators have yet to form a registry that even tracks the use of
the drugs, researchers said.
food, the need for industries to grow and produce for their country’s
needs, as well as for export. It also highlights the growing
disparity between what is considered harmful. Perhaps there is not
enough information to know if ISA is harmful to humans. However, it
has been determined by the US FDA as well as by the European Union
that the antibiotics used to combat diseases in captive raised fish
has, in many cases, been banned.

